Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکِستان) is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west,India in the east and China in the far northeast.[7] Tajikistan also lies very close to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Strategically, Pakistan is located in a position between the important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the greater Middle East.[8]
The region forming modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures including theneolithic Mehrgarh and the bronze era Indus Valley Civilisation. Subsequently it was the recipient of Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, and Sikh cultures through several invasions and/or settlements. As a result the area has remained a part of numerous empires and dynasties including the Indian empires, Persian empires, Arab caliphates, Mongol,Mughal, Sikh and British Empire. Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire in 1947 after a struggle for independence, led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, that sought the partition of India and the creation of an independent state for the Muslim majority populations of the eastern and western regions of British India.[9] With the adoption of its constitution in 1956, Pakistan became an Islamic republic.[10] In 1971, an armed conflict in East Pakistan resulted in the creation of Bangladesh.[11]
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. With over 170 million people, it is the sixth most populous country in the world[2] and has the second largest Muslim population after Indonesia.[12] It is an ethnically andlinguistically diverse country with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. With a semi-industrialized economy, it is the 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power. Since gaining independence, Pakistan's history has been characterised by periods of military rule,political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country faces challenging problems including terrorism, poverty, illiteracy and corruption.
Pakistan has the seventh largest standing armed force and is the only Muslim-majority nation to possess nuclear weapons. It is designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States and a strategic ally of China.[13][14] It is a founding member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation)[15] and a member of the United Nations,[16] Commonwealth of Nations,[17] Next Eleven economies and the G20 developing nations.
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
Evidence of Tsunami in Kashmir: US scientist
SRINAGAR, Sep 18: A US scientist, Prof. Michael Brookfield of the University of Massachusetts, Boston USA, today said there is evidence of Tsunami in Kashmir in past.
He revealed this while concluding his lecture series at Kashmir University (KU) with a talk on giant Tsunamis.
“The geological evidence at the Guryal ravine in the vicinity of the Srinagar city indicate there is evidence of Tsunami preserved in the Kashmir rocks that originated from Tethys sea some 250 million years ago,”Prof Brokfield said. He added that Guryul section closely resembles the K-T boundary section in Texas, US and may have been deposited in the same way from waning Tsunami.
With the help of viewgraphs, simulated animations, field studies and videos, the US scientist demonstrated the mechanism, causes and consequences of giant tsunamis that have happened on the earth surface in the geological past.
He also conducted a fieldwork for the geology students in the Guryul ravines.
Guryul ravine site is one of the world’s richest fossil sites and is attracting the geologists from east and west to study species from the Permian period and need to be studied in more details, said Dr. Shakil A. Romshoo, head of department of geology. During an interaction of Prof Brookfield with the vice-chancellor Prof Talat Ahmad , head of department of geology and the faculty members of the department, collaborative research opportunities between the two universities to study the Guryul section were discussed.
Prof. Talat Ahmad said that the region provides multiple paleolimate proxies to expose the geological past of the planet earth and the University shall soon embark on international collaborations involving integrated research on caves, ice-cores, lake and marine sediments.
Prof. Brookfield was in the University to deliver a series of lectures at the department of geology, geophysics and geoinformatics on various topics related to earth science. He shared his vast research and teaching experience in the field of geology and environmental science with the faculty, research scholars and the PG students
Tuesday, September 13, 2011
Monday, July 25, 2011
Beautiful Pakistan
Is this Grand Canyon or Texas?
No. It's Hingol National Park of Baluchistan, Pakistan. It got Mysterious Mud mountains, beautiful blue water Hingol river,
desert and deep blue Arabian sea. [3.5 hrs drive from Karachi on Makran coastal highway]
Cold Desert of Skardu in Pakistan.
This is one of the most beautiful tourists attraction of Northern areas of Pakistan. There are huge sand plains in Skardu
Passu Peaks, Hunza, Pakistan.
Mysterious mountains stand like a wall between Hunza river and valley.
Uli Biaho Tower, Pakistan.
It is a peak near Trango Towers and Baltoro Glacier in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It consists of two main peaks,
Uli Biaho Tower (listed by Roskelley as 19,957 feet, and by Kopold as 6109 m (20,058 feet)); and
Uli Biaho Peak (Kopold: 6417 m), which as of 2006 was unclimbed.
Rakaposhi, Pakistan.
Rakaposhi is also known as Dumani [Mother of Mist]. It is situated in the Nagar valley.
Nanga Parbat.
It is the ninth highest mountain on Earth and among the eight-thousanders with a summit elevation of 8,126 meters (26,660 ft).
It is also an immense, dramatic peak that rises far above its surrounding terrain.
Karamber Lake.
Karambar Pass marks the boundary between the Chitral and Ishkoman Districts of Pakistan. The Karmabar Lake is almost 3 km long
approx and it is 4300 meters above sea level. The flowers of autumns are worth seeing on this lake.
Deosaid plains – Skardu
Bara Pani – Deosai
Dudiptsar Lake or Dudipat Lake is a lake encircled by snow clad peaks in Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park.
The lake lies in the extreme north of the Kaghan Valley.
Beautiful Pakistan
Makran, Pakistan.
The present day Makran derived its name from Maka, a satrap of Achaemenid Empire. Maka was an important early eastern satrapy of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire.
K2.
It is the second-highest mountain on Earth, only after Mount Everest. It has a peak elevation of 8,611 m [28,251 feet]!!!
Concordia Base Camp, Pakistan.
This is the view from Concordia towards the valley of the Baltoro Glacier at dawn. On the left [Paiju peaks], middle ,[Trango towers] & on the right [Grand Cathedra].
The epic Lake Saiful Muluk.
It is located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley (34°52′37.34″N 73°41′37.71″E) near Naran, Pakistan.
The clarity of the water comes from the multiple glaciers all around the high basin which feed the lake.
Village Halmet, Neelum Valley, Pakistan.
Neelum Valley is definitely another hidden pearl of Pakistan. No other valley in Kashmir can compare this valley and even
most of the Pakistanis know little about it and have little visited there.
Lansdowne Bridge of Rohri, Pakistan.
A marvel of nineteenth century engineering, the 'longest "rigid" girder bridge in the world' at that time, was begun in 1887.
Designed by Sir Alexander Meadows Rendel, the girder work weighing a massive 3,300 tons was erected by F.E. Robertson, and Hecquet.
Beautiful Pakistan
Attabad Lake also known as Hunza Lake is a lake in the Hunza Valley of northern Pakistan.
The beautiful lake was formed due to a massive landslide at Attabad village in Gilgit-Baltistan, 9 miles (14 km) upstream (east)
of Karimabad that occurred on January 4, 2010.
Is this Great Wall of China?
No. It's Wall of Sindh in Ranikot [3 hrs drive from Karachi].
It's the part of one of the Largest Fort in World, Fort of Ranikot.
Kalam Valley.
It is a valley along the upper reaches of the Swat River in Swat, Pakistan.
Kalam Valley is known for its waterfalls, lakes and lush green hills, and is a 270 km drive from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan.
Kachura Lake.
The Kachura Lakes are two lakes in the Skardu District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan. The lakes, at 2,500 metres (8,200 ft)
in elevation, are Upper Kachura Lake and Lower Kachura Lake.
This is a 'Mud Volcano'.
In Pakistan there are more than 80 active mud volcanoes, all of them in Baluchistan province; there are about 10 locations
having clusters of mud volcanoes. In this region, the heights of mud volcanoes range between 800 to 1,550 feet
(243.8 to 472.4 m). The most famous is Chandaragup.
The Great Trango Tower, 6,286 m (20,608 ft).
The east face of the Great Trango Tower features the world's greatest nearly vertical drop. [aka Tallest vertical mountain of world]
Located in Gilgit-Baltistan Region of Pakistan. This is one of the most difficult mountains to climb.
This is not Fox and Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand.
This is Biafo Glacier - which is a 63 km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan meets the 49 km long Hispar Glacier
at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) at Hispar La (Pass) to create the world's longest glacial system outside the polar regions.
Laila Peak, Hushe, Karakoram Range, Pakistan.
It has a distinctive spear-like shape. One of the most beautiful & scenic snow covered mountain of the world.
The Laila peak has been climbed only twice.
This is not Fox and Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand.
This is Biafo Glacier - which is a 63 km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan meets the 49 km long Hispar Glacier
at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) at Hispar La (Pass) to create the world's longest glacial system outside the polar regions.
Beautiful Pakistan
This is an amazing view of a tunnel and bridge over a river on the railway track from "Rohri to Quetta".
This track passes through 20 tunnels and over 368 bridges.
It's the longest Railway gradient of world, and most scenic Railway ride of Asia.
Beautiful Pakistan
"Arror Rock"
[near Rohri in Sindh]
The shape of rock was caused by unknown natural forces.
There is also a Shrine on the top.
Beautiful Pakistan
"Astola Island" [near Pasni Baluchistan 40 km from shore]. Astola is Pakistan's largest offshore island and the only significant offshore
island in the northern Arabian Sea.
Monday, July 18, 2011
Khewra Salt Mines
Khewra Salt Mines is a salt mine located in Khewra, Jhelum District, Punjab in Pakistan, about 160 kilometres (99 mi) from Islamabad and 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Lahore. It attracts up to 40,000 visitors per year and is the second largest salt mine in the world. Situated in the foothills of the Salt Range, the Khewra Salt Mines are the oldest in the South Asia.
Salt has been mined at Khewra since 320 BC following discovery by Alexander's troops, in an underground area of about 110 square kilometres (42 sq mi). The main tunnel at ground level was developed by Dr. Warth in 1872 but has since been converted into a tourist resort. Khewra salt mine has estimated total of 220 million tonnes of rock salt deposits. The current production from the mine is 465,000 tons salt per annum.
The mine-head buildings have 19 stories, with 11 below ground. Only 50% salt is extracted and 50% is left as pillars to support the mountain. The salt-mine is 288 metres (945 ft) above sea level and extends around 730 metres (2,400 ft) inside the mountains from the mine-mouth. The cumulative length of all tunnels is more than 40 kilometres (25 mi).
Salt occurs in a Precambrian deposit in the form of an irregular dome-like structure. There are seven thick salt seams with a cumulative thickness of about 150 meters. At places the rock salt is 99% pure. Salt is transparent, white, pink, reddish to beef-color red. There are beautiful alternate bands of red and white color salt.
Saturday, July 16, 2011
Tuesday, May 10, 2011
Sunday, May 8, 2011
How we can solve Pakistan's electricity Problem
This Web site tells you the step by step method of building a wind turbine. If People in every House Build one Wind turbine and install it on there roof and connect it with Pakistan national power line. We can produce so much electricity that can Pakistan can start exporting it.
People of Pakistan will have to work to solve this problem.
































